More than 2 trillion gallons of water—enough to fill 3 million Olympic-sized swimming pools—inundated �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ�� in March. The accumulated rainfall over 14 days reached as high as 3,000% of normal historical levels for this time of year, culminating in a destructive “rain bomb” over ��ʻ�����. Through the University of �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ��’s �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ�� Mesonet and the �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ�� Climate Data Portal, researchers captured the scale of these back-to-back Kona low systems, mapping localized threats and providing crucial data on the state’s severe flooding.

Between March 1 and March 23, statewide rainfall averaged 18.25 inches—more than 2.6 times the standard March average of 6.85 inches.

While the first storm (March 10–16) brought hurricane-force wind gusts of 135.4 mph to �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ�� Island and up to 62 inches of rain to Maui, the second Kona storm between March 19 and 23 triggered a new wave of devastation. The second storm dumped up to 61 inches of rain in localized areas, producing destructive floods across eastern and central �ѴDZ��ǰ첹ʻ��, West Maui and ��ʻ�����.

Communities such as Waialua and Haleiwa on ��ʻ�����’s north shore experienced devastating inundation. �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ�� Mesonet stations highlighted the widespread intensity of the storm: the ����ʻ������ station recorded the island’s highest two-day rainfall of roughly 22 inches, including 19.67 inches in a 24-hour period beginning the evening of March 19. Almost simultaneously, the nearby �����������ʻ�� Ridge station above Waimea Valley recorded 9.75 inches in 24 hours.

����ԴDz�, Palolo flash floods

As the two-week rainy period neared its end, an intense, localized atmospheric event struck ����ԴDz� and Palolo valleys on March 23. Honolulu Mayor Rick Blangiardi described it as a “classic rain bomb,” heavy rain caused by a stationary storm cell. This “rain bomb,” over ����ԴDz� and Palolo valleys, dropped 2 to 4 inches of rain per hour.

Six �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ�� Mesonet stations in the Nuʻuanu-����ԴDz� area recorded between 3.5 and 6.5 inches of rain, the majority of which fell within a three-hour window. Falling on already saturated ground, this turned streams into raging torrents and triggered significant flash floods.

The �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ�� Mesonet, a statewide network of state-of-the-art weather stations, is proving to be a critical source of weather information, especially valuable during extreme events.

“We are building the mesonet to serve multiple purposes, including research, resource management, support for farmers and ranchers, and others,” said Thomas Giambelluca, �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ�� Mesonet project lead, and former director of the ����Vlog�ٷ� Water Resources Research Center. “But, providing data when and where it is most needed before and during extreme events like floods and wildfires, might be its most important purpose. Mesonet data will make us better prepared for future events by improving weather forecasts and enabling emergency managers to plan for and respond to extremes.”

Across the state, thousands of Hawaiʻi students spend months investigating scientific questions and testing engineering designs for school, district and . Behind these projects are University of Hawaiʻi mentorship, expert judging and resources that turn classroom concepts into real-world research.

Connecting to real-world research

Science fair projects provide an opportunity to extend classroom learning. Radford High School science teacher Daniella Griffay borrowed from ����Vlog�ٷ� to teach wave speed and propagation. This led to a connection with Troy Heitmann, assistant researcher at ����Vlog�ٷ�’s , who mentored Radford student John Phillip English, on improving the magnets used in .

“This project provided a meaningful opportunity for a student to explore renewable energy technology while developing scientific reasoning, engineering design skills and experimental problem-solving experience,” said Heitmann.

In addition to Heitmann’s mentorship, English used resources developed by STEM Pre-Academy, with support from undergraduate student intern Erik Bendickson.

“The big thing that I learned from the science fair was despite things not going how you plan, it’s just important to be able to bounce back from that and be able to continue to work on something,” English said. “I think that more students honestly should work with professors at ����Vlog�ٷ�. It just gives you a different understanding of things. [Heitmann] would introduce a topic and he would explain it in a simple way and then he would build it up to what was more complicated. He went out of his way to make sure that I was progressing well with the project.”

“I’m not an engineer and needed guidance on how to support this student on their project,” said Griffay. “I am truly grateful not just for the equipment in the lending library but also for the collaborations and expert knowledge.”

Another two of Griffay’s students were connected by STEM Pre-Academy to a ����Vlog�ٷ� mentor, Associate Researcher Marek Kirs from ����Vlog�ٷ�’s . Kirs worked with students Maddison Soria and Skye Gussenhoven in their second year of a project, teaching them to cultivate bacteria and perform disk diffusion assays.

English, Soria and Gussenhoven advanced out of the Central District Science Fair and are headed to the Hawaiʻi State Science Fair in April.

Read more about how ����Vlog�ٷ� is helping to inspire the Windward Oʻahu science community.

For University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa PhD student Brian Gorberg, the devastating Kona low storms weren’t just an academic research topic—they were a recurring nightmare that inundated his home three times in less than four weeks. Renting the bottom bedroom of a home in Waialua on Oʻahu’s north shore, Gorberg witnessed the final and most severe flood send an 8-foot wall of water through his place.

After experiencing two recent floods that ruined his belongings, Gorberg was seeking refuge at a friend’s house down the street when the third flood hit. The flash flooding was catastrophic, acting like a “dam spillway” through his neighborhood. The water destroyed his Jeep Patriot given to him by his dad, caused a neighboring house to spin off its foundation, and trapped another neighbor in neck-deep water.

“I got woken up by a giant wave,” Gorberg said. “I assumed the worst because I study hydrology. I assumed the dam failed and I knew I had to get out of the watershed. So, I drove all the way to the evacuation site. I actually ran up the hill because I didn’t believe the evacuation site was safe enough.”

Flooding expertise proved critical

Gorberg’s academic background proved critical during the floods. As an student in the and working with the under advisor Chris Shuler, his expertise allowed him to understand the mechanics of the disaster. During the floods, Gorberg spent hours walking through his neighborhood trying to warn residents ahead of the rising waters.

Gorberg’s current research work is to create high-end, reproducible flood models and stage height maps to better protect local communities. Working alongside undergraduate students Chiara Duyn, Megan Wong and Anne Dominique, Gorberg created a that provides residents with transparent, scenario-based flood information.

While the app and Gorberg’s maps currently focus on Windward ��ʻ����� watersheds such as Kāneʻohe, the underlying flood models are designed to be reproducible, and Gorberg aims to eventually expand this mapping to any flood zone across Hawaiʻi. The flood maps simulate exact inundation levels when local streams breach their banks at incremental heights—such as 12, 13 or 14 feet—allowing communities to visualize their risk and prepare for an approaching storm.

Reflecting on the tools he is building, Gorberg emphasized the urgent need for better preparedness in Hawaiʻi.

“Every stream gauge in the mainland has these maps. It’s not fair that Hawaiʻi doesn’t have it, especially considering these events,“ Gorberg said. ”And because there are graduate students like myself who have created this… that’s like the missing link in Hawaiʻi that would honestly solve this event, or would have been different if we had those maps.”

A new (NASEM) is urging clinicians to prioritize ongoing symptom evaluation and continuity of care for individuals potentially exposed to jet fuel contaminated drinking water on Oʻahu in 2021.

The report examined health risks tied to leaks of JP-5 fuel from the Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility that affected the water supply serving Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam and nearby communities. As many as 93,000 people may have been exposed to the jet fuel through drinking water, inhalation of vapors or skin contact.

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (JABSOM) Dean Emeritus Jerris R. Hedges, JABSOM Chair and Professor Joseph Keaweʻaimoku Kaholokula, JABSOM graduate and clinical faculty member Marcus Kawika Iwane, and JABSOM graduate and ����Vlog�ٷ� West Oʻahu Professor Ricardo Custodio served on the 16-member multi-disciplinary National Academies “committee on the clinical follow-up and care for those impacted by the JP-5 releases at Red Hill,” which authored this report. ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa Professor of Public Health Sciences Catherine Pirkle and Assistant Professor Aurora Kagawa-Viviani served on the multi-disciplinary peer-review team.

Key NASEM report findings

Researchers found limited evidence linking exposure to short-term respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin and mental health symptoms. However, data remains insufficient to determine specific long-term health effects, and no validated medical tests exist to confirm past exposure or the extent of exposure. As a result, the report recommends clinicians carefully document patient histories and symptoms while ensuring ongoing, patient-centered care.

The report also calls for expanded research and improved environmental monitoring to better understand exposure levels and potential health outcomes. Recommendations include developing biomarkers to detect jet fuel exposure, standardizing water testing methods and conducting long-term studies of exposed populations.

“This report highlights the importance of a registry to collect long-term health information to fill the gaps in truly understanding how JP-5 exposure may impact the community over time,” Kaholokula said. “The more people who enroll in the , the more impactful the research and information becomes.”

“Continued enrollment in the Red Hill Registry and similar programs is critical for future studies and research,” Hedges said. “Such registries will provide important additional knowledge related to the exposure, especially regarding potential long-term effects on women and children.”

The report further highlights the need for improved coordination among federal, state and local agencies to ensure drinking water safety and rebuild public trust following the contamination incident.

“The release of this report reminds families that even though we are removed in time from the May 2021 and November 2021 fuel spills, the voices of the individuals and families who lived through the water crisis are still being heard,” said Rosana “Sanie” Weldon, director of the Red Hill Registry. “By enrolling in the Red Hill Registry, whether you had symptoms or not, you help researchers establish accurate baseline data, detect even small health differences which may present years from now, and ensure that findings truly reflect the whole community.”

Importance of Red Hill Registry

The Red Hill Registry aims to track health outcomes and provide resources and education for those who experienced jet fuel in their drinking water from the Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility. Based in the at ����Vlog�ٷ�, the registry has dozens of partners supporting the registry from across the ����Vlog�ٷ� System with technology infrastructure, data security, questionnaire integrity, clinical guidance, water science and more.

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From 135 mph wind gusts on Hawaiʻi Island to 62 inches of rainfall on Maui, a recent Kona low system brought weather conditions usually reserved for major hurricanes to the state. These extreme totals were captured by the University of �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ��’s Hawaiʻi Mesonet, a weather monitoring system that is mapping localized threats across areas that previously had no data available. ����Vlog�ٷ�’s Hawaiʻi Climate Data Portal team created a report on the storm.

Alongside immense flooding, the storm brought destructive winds. The Hawaiʻi Mesonet station at Kaiāulu Puʻuwaʻawaʻa on Hawaiʻi Island recorded a maximum wind gust of 135.4 mph. Winds were briefly sustained at speeds equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane, averaging 105 mph over a 15-minute period.

Maui was hit the hardest, with peak rainfall totals reaching 62 inches in localized regions. Hawaiʻi Island also saw heavy precipitation, with areas recording 16–32 inches, and isolated spots also nearing 62 inches. Both Kauaʻi and Oʻahu recorded maximum totals ranging 16–32 inches. Molokaʻi and Lānaʻi experienced peak amounts 4–16 inches.

The upper elevations of Haleakalā experienced the most extreme rainfall, with 33.2 inches falling during the 24-hr period beginning March 13 at 8:30 a.m., nearly double the highest 24-hr rainfall previously recorded there. That amount is much greater than the NOAA‘s official estimate of 19.7 inches in 24 hours for the 1000-year storm (the rainfall amount with a 0.1% chance of being equalled or exceeded in any given year). Rainfall was even higher at the Kuiki Hawaiʻi Mesonet station on the east rim of Haleakalā crater with 36 inches falling in 24 hours beginning at 6 p.m. on March 13. This amount exceeded the NOAA 24-hr 1000-year extreme rainfall estimate of 28.5 inches.

“Before the project began, Hawaiʻi was one of only 20 states without a comprehensive statewide weather monitoring system, meaning we previously had no access to information in many of these areas,” said Tom Giambelluca, Hawaiʻi Mesonet project lead, and former director of the ����Vlog�ٷ� Water Resources Research Center. “Now, the system is constantly collecting data on rainfall, soil moisture, and other weather variables that can tell us in real time if an area is highly susceptible to fires or flooding, which ultimately allows us to be as prepared as possible”

To make this information accessible, ����Vlog�ٷ� launched a real-time weather dashboard offering public access to live weather data from more than 70 monitoring stations currently active across the state. The dashboard updates data every 15 minutes, allowing users to view current, localized conditions including temperature, rainfall, wind, humidity, solar radiation and soil moisture. This creates one of the most comprehensive and timely weather resources available in Hawaiʻi.

The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa is expanding its environmental monitoring and research capabilities thanks to a $30,000 donation from the Hawaiʻi Water Environment Association (HWEA).

The HWEA gift will help upgrade the college’s environmental engineering lab through the acquisition of advanced instruments—most notably a state-of-the-art gas chromatograph system that acts like a high-tech “nose” that can sniff out and measure different gases in the air—expanding ����Vlog�ٷ�’s ability to analyze environmental samples with higher precision. The measurement of greenhouse gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, as well as compounds tied to odor and corrosion concerns, are key issues for wastewater facilities, community health and regulatory compliance.

“This gift is a vital investment in the research and education capacity of our Environmental Biotechnology Research Group at the University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz�,” said Zhiyue Wang, assistant professor in the and the . “By supporting everything from the acquisition of advanced analytical equipment and software to student travel and professional seminars, these resources allow us to maintain the high-level technology and scholarly records necessary to solve Hawaiʻi’s most pressing environmental challenges.”

The upgraded instruments will also provide new learning opportunities for students through lab instruction, capstone projects and research experiences involving advanced analytical techniques used across commercial and municipal laboratories. It also opens the door for deeper collaboration and knowledge exchange between ����Vlog�ٷ� and water environment professionals statewide, including potential lab tours, seminars and shared learning opportunities.

The lab’s enhanced capabilities align with HWEA’s mission to protect and enhance Hawaiʻi’s water environment by supporting research at the intersection of air and water quality and by helping train the future workforce in modern analytical methods.

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa researchers are part of a team that was recently awarded a (NSF) to address the environmental and public health impacts of outdated wastewater infrastructure in island communities. The project is led by the University of South Florida, with ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa playing a key role in research and pilot testing.

Focus on Hawaiʻi’s water health

In Hawaiʻi alone, an estimated 83,000 cesspools discharge approximately 52 million gallons of untreated wastewater into the ground each day, contaminating coastal waters and damaging coral reefs. Replacing cesspools with approved wastewater systems could cost households $30,000 to $50,000.

The Honu Hub project seeks to ease that burden by developing a solar-powered, compact and certifiable alternative that protects both human health and the environment. These systems are energy-independent and equipped with remote monitoring and automation, making them suitable for cesspool replacement in low-density and isolated areas. The “Honu Hub” represents a new class of small, adaptive and decentralized wastewater infrastructure.

By centering the work in Hawaiʻi, the research team ensures the technology is designed to overcome local challenges, including poor soils, high water tables and saltwater intrusion. The goal is to create a solution that can be adopted throughout the U.S. Pacific region and the continental U.S.

����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa researchers are leading the design and real-world pilot demonstration of nutrient capture systems within the Honu Hub. Pilot testing is taking place at the Wahiawā Wastewater Treatment Plant, in collaboration with the City and County of Honolulu.

The award supports the Honu project within NSF’s Convergence Accelerator program, which aims to develop adaptive, decentralized wastewater infrastructure solutions for island and rural communities facing severe sanitation challenges.

Zhiyue Wang, the project’s co-principal investigator and assistant professor at ����Vlog�ٷ� ��ā�ԴDz�’s and in the , will assist with the pilot testing of Honu Hub in Hawaiʻi and developing novel technologies for nutrient recovery in the system.

“Collaborating with the University of South Florida, our goal is to empower communities with solutions that protect public health, preserve our nearshore ecosystems and ensure clean water for future generations,” Wang said.

Tao Yan, director of the Water Resources Research Center, is also part of the Honu research team. Wang is working alongside principal investigator Daniel Yeh (University of South Florida), co-principal investigator Stuart Coleman (Wastewater Alternatives and Innovations) and co-principal investigator Allan Smith (Swiftwater Solutions).

Video on the wastewater infrastructure project and Honu Team members.

The earned high marks in nearly 20 academic subjects in the , with , and leading the way among the highest-ranked programs.

Oceanography ranked No. 5 in the U.S. and No. 7 in the world, atmospheric science placed No. 8 nationally and No. 11 worldwide, and hospitality and tourism management ranked No. 12 in the U.S. and No. 32 in the world.

The rankings were released by the Shanghai Ranking Consultancy and is considered one of the most comprehensive and objective assessments of university performance by discipline.

����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa also posted strong global and national placements across science, engineering, social science and other fields. tied for No. 17 in the U.S. and ranked No. 51–75 worldwide, while ecology and each tied for No. 24 nationally and placed No. 76–100 globally.

Additional ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa subjects recognized in the 2025 rankings include communication, education, political science, water resources, biological sciences, civil engineering, food science and technology, environmental science and engineering, agricultural sciences, economics, management and physics.

“These rankings reflect the depth and consistency of excellence at ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa,” Interim Provost Vassilis L. Syrmos said. “Our faculty are advancing research that matters locally and globally, while preparing students to address some of the most pressing challenges facing our world.”

����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa was evaluated alongside approximately 2,000 universities from more than 100 countries and regions, selected from a global pool of more than 25,000 institutions. The rankings are based on measures such as world-class faculty, world-class research output, high-quality research, research impact and international collaboration.

Other recent rankings:

• 2026 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, October 9, 2025
• Wall Street Journal/College Pulse 2026 Best Colleges in the U.S. rankings, October 2, 2025
• U.S. News and World Report 2026 Best Colleges rankings, September 23, 2025

For more information, .

—By Marc Arakaki

To better protect Hawaiʻi’s people and ecosystems from threats, such as wildfires, drought, flooding, hurricanes, tsunamis, water contamination and more, University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz� and Georgia Tech researchers have secured a to build faster, cheaper, locally made sensors that deliver potentially life-saving data in real-time.

The funding will support the development of low-cost sensors that can be printed in minutes and deployed the same day to collect actionable data for communities and organizations across the state. These sensors could measure water quality or soil contamination signals, and then connect to an AI-enabled handheld device smaller than a cell phone, that processes and transmits data to the web in real-time. Users could then view and interpret the data via a publicly available dashboard.

Community kuleana

To ensure its success, the technology will be co-designed with groups who have kuleana (responsibility) for communities, land and water across Hawaiʻi, including land stewardship organizations, Hawaiian-language immersion schools and community colleges. These ʻ�徱�Բ� (land) stewards, kūpuna (elders), residents and kumu (teachers and educators) will guide priorities, experiment with prototypes and define success criteria.

“We can shorten the path from idea to instrument and build sensors tuned to local priorities without relying on centralized, hard-to-access facilities,” said principal investigator and ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz� Associate Professor . “Our goal is a design-to-deployment pathway that works on-island: robust, affordable and replicable.”

The team is developing the sensors to pair with a small, durable edge device that can harvest and store energy, run machine learning models and work even with limited network connectivity. An open library of circuits and firmware will let partners quickly customize sensors for measuring targets from pH and turbidity to heavy metals and contaminants.

“This grant recognizes that Hawaiʻi is a key leader in the proper design of disaster and hazard response cyberinfrastructure,” said Josiah Hester, a Kanaka ʻŌ���ɾ� (Native Hawaiian) and associate professor of computing at Georgia Tech. “Deploying AI devices in austere environments, making AI interpretable and understandable, and providing these capabilities to everyone are key goals we will achieve. As a Native Hawaiian scientist and technologist, it is my own kuleana to translate these technologies that support stewardship, and we as a team are excited to see this work support our communities.”

Building on community ties

The project grows from existing relationships across Oʻahu, Maui and Kauaʻi, including Hawaiian-language immersion schools and stewardship organizations, where residents, educators and resource stewards will guide priorities. The team will convene iterative design workshops, peer exchanges between partner sites on Oʻahu and Maui, and a capstone gathering to synthesize findings and share open designs. Data governance will follow established frameworks to support local control and appropriate confidentiality for sensitive results.

“Our approach follows advances in community-centered co-design where we will design the sensing agenda together with community partners,” added co-principal investigator Aurora Kagawa-Viviani, assistant professor in ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz�’s and in the . “Building strong and equitable relationships ensures the technology and the data it produces have lasting value long after the prototype. Our design process considers who maintains it, how the data are stewarded, interpreted and made useful for community decision-making.”

The grant will support hands-on training that connects students across K–12, community colleges and research universities with partner sites. The team’s open hardware, software and design artifacts will be released for others to adapt in island, rural and urban settings facing similar hazards.

The (RC����Vlog�ٷ�) recognized 18 employees in November for exemplary contributions to their research projects.

“RC����Vlog�ٷ� is extremely proud of all of these outstanding employees who support cutting-edge and innovative research being done at the ����Vlog�ٷ� and throughout our state,” said RC����Vlog�ٷ� Executive Director Leonard Gouveia. “The success of academic research depends on dedicated and hardworking professionals like these RC����Vlog�ٷ� employees who elevate and impact the projects they support.”

Researcher/Project Manager category

1st place: Ceci Rodriguez Cruz—ORE SMART Cable Project, ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa (SOEST)

2nd place: Christian Tai Udovicic—Planetary Science, SOEST

Honorable mentions:

• Robert Kekaianiani Irwin—Laupaʻi Aʻe ka ʻIke Kuamoʻo,
• Johannes Achim Stoessl—General AntiParticle Spectrometer Project, ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa

Project Support Staff category

1st place: Casey TeBeest, ����Vlog�ٷ� , WRRC American Samoa Hydrology Network

2nd place: Dylan Boeman–Sabine Lab, SOEST

Team category

1st place: Hua Zhong and Shuai Liu, Cancer Epidemiology Program,

2nd place: Peter Oshiro, Ryan Chilson, Sally Lau and Derek Kubo—Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Honorable mentions:

• Helene Meehl, Andrew Kramer, Sydney Lewandowski and Nicolo Cohen—Hawaiʻi Coral Restoration Nursery,
• Yumi Nagayoshi, Marybeth Young and Jan Stoos—Maunakea Shared Services, ����Vlog�ٷ�

The university service orders extramural contracts and grants to RC����Vlog�ٷ�, which assists with hiring personnel and procuring goods/services to support research, development, and training throughout the state. These awards highlight the vital work RC����Vlog�ٷ� employees perform daily to advance the university’s goal of diversifying Hawaiʻi’s economy through innovation and research.