The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa’s was recognized in the 2025 U.S. News and World Report rankings of the nation’s best online programs, released on January 27. ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa placed No. 62 out of the top 209 . ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa was the only nursing school in Hawaiʻi to be ranked for online education.

U.S. News and World Report assessed programs in student engagement (30%), faculty credentials and training (20%), peer assessment (20%), student services and technologies (20%) and student excellence (10%).

“This ranking underscores the strength of our online nursing program,” said Clementina D. Ceria-Ulep, dean of the ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene. “It speaks to our focus on delivering rigorous, accessible education that equips nurses to make a meaningful impact in their communities and beyond. It also reflects the dedication of our faculty and students to meeting the evolving needs of health care and higher education.”

More about the online program

The online is a distance-based online master’s degree for registered nurses who wish to practice in Hawaiʻi, in the continental U.S. or international setting.

The program focuses on population-level health, wellness, social determinants of health, health promotion and disease prevention. Coursework is completed online, and fieldwork is conducted in the student’s own local community.

The 30-credit program is designed to be completed in one year as a full-time student or in two years as a part-time student. Students complete a six-credit capstone project that includes 270 hours of fieldwork experience. The capstone project is designed to provide students with experience in the indirect care level of service at the aggregate population, organizational or systems level. There is an additional nine-credit thesis option.

The deadline to apply to the online APHN program is May 1. . There is a on February 18.

For information about graduate programs, visit the .

The earned high marks in nearly 20 academic subjects in the , with , and leading the way among the highest-ranked programs.

Oceanography ranked No. 5 in the U.S. and No. 7 in the world, atmospheric science placed No. 8 nationally and No. 11 worldwide, and hospitality and tourism management ranked No. 12 in the U.S. and No. 32 in the world.

The rankings were released by the Shanghai Ranking Consultancy and is considered one of the most comprehensive and objective assessments of university performance by discipline.

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa also posted strong global and national placements across science, engineering, social science and other fields. tied for No. 17 in the U.S. and ranked No. 51–75 worldwide, while ecology and each tied for No. 24 nationally and placed No. 76–100 globally.

Additional ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa subjects recognized in the 2025 rankings include communication, education, political science, water resources, biological sciences, civil engineering, food science and technology, environmental science and engineering, agricultural sciences, economics, management and physics.

“These rankings reflect the depth and consistency of excellence at ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa,” Interim Provost Vassilis L. Syrmos said. “Our faculty are advancing research that matters locally and globally, while preparing students to address some of the most pressing challenges facing our world.”

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa was evaluated alongside approximately 2,000 universities from more than 100 countries and regions, selected from a global pool of more than 25,000 institutions. The rankings are based on measures such as world-class faculty, world-class research output, high-quality research, research impact and international collaboration.

Other recent rankings:

• 2026 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, October 9, 2025
• Wall Street Journal/College Pulse 2026 Best Colleges in the U.S. rankings, October 2, 2025
• U.S. News and World Report 2026 Best Colleges rankings, September 23, 2025

For more information, .

—By Marc Arakaki

The ranks in the top 2% out of all colleges and universities worldwide, according to the 2026 released on October 9. The recognition highlights ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa’s strength in academic quality, research productivity and other key measures of excellence.

This recognition positions ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½â€™s flagship campus as the No. 63 ranked university in the country. Globally, the university stands in the No. 251–300 tier, an exceptional achievement considering there are (top 500 qualifies as the world’s top 2%).

“Earning a place among the world’s top universities reflects the depth of talent and collaboration across our campus,” ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa Interim Provost Vassilis L. Syrmos said. “Our faculty, students and staff are advancing discoveries that matter locally and globally, and these rankings affirm the impact of that work. What truly sets ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa apart is our ability to merge world-class research with the perspectives and values of Hawaiʻi and the Pacific.”

Times Higher Education, which produces these rankings annually, is one of the leading international university rankings organizations. To qualify for these rankings, Times Higher Education first determined the top 171 U.S. universities and top 2,191 universities worldwide.

Rankings criteria

Times Higher Education evaluated 17 indicators in its rankings:

• Teaching (the learning environment): 29.5% (teaching reputation: 15%, staff-to-student ratio: 4.5%, doctorate-to-bachelor’s ratio: 2%, doctorates-awarded-to-academic-staff ratio: 5.5% and institutional income: 2.5%)
• Research environment: 29% (research reputation: 18%, research income: 5.5% and research productivity: 5.5%)
• Research quality: 30% (citation impact: 15%, research strength: 5%, research excellence: 5% and research influence: 5%)
• International outlook: 7.5% (proportion of international students: 2.5%, proportion of international staff: 2.5% and international collaboration: 2.5%)
• Industry: 4% (industry income: 2% and patents: 2%)

Other rankings

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa also received these notable rankings:

• Wall Street Journal/College Pulse 2026 Best Colleges in the U.S., October 2, 2025
• U.S. News and World Report 2026 Best Colleges rankings, September 23, 2025
• The Princeton Review’s 2026 edition of “The Best 391 Colleges” guide, August 13, 2025
• 2025 World University Rankings for Innovation, July 24, 2025
• 2026 QS World University Rankings, June 19, 2025

For more information on rankings, see the .

The University of Hawaiʻi’s three 4-year universities earned national recognition in the U.S. News and World Report 2026 Best Colleges rankings released on September 23, including four top 10 regional rankings for ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ West Oʻahu.

, and were ranked among the top 4-year institutions by U.S. News and World Report out of based on up to 17 measures (depending on ranking category) of academic quality, including graduation and retention rates, peer assessments, financial resources and student excellence.

“These rankings reflect the hard work and dedication of our faculty, staff and students across all three ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ 4-year campuses,” ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ President Wendy Hensel said. “They show that we are continuing to provide Hawaiʻi students with a high-quality, affordable education while preparing them to lead in their communities and beyond.”

The flagship campus of the ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ System ranked No. 92 as a top U.S. public university; No. 122 for best colleges for veterans; No. 169 overall in the country; and No. 189 in social mobility, which measures how well schools graduated students who were federal Pell Grant recipients.

The came in at No. 109 among the best undergraduate business programs out of 533 ranked undergraduate business programs.

The is the No. 118 best undergraduate nursing program among 686 ranked undergraduate nursing programs.

The in the ranked No. 139 for best undergraduate economics programs in the nation.

The placed No. 150 among the best undergraduate engineering programs that offer doctoral degrees in the country.

The in the ranked as the No. 177 best undergraduate computer science program out of 601 ranked programs.

The in the ranked No. 196 out of the top 682 best undergraduate psychology programs in the nation.

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Hilo ranked No. 178 as a top U.S. public university, No. 204 for social mobility and No. 329 overall among the top 434 national universities—a classification based on offering a wide range of undergraduate, graduate and doctoral programs, emphasizing research, as explained in the rankings categories below.

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ±á¾±±ô´Ç’s is the No. 186 best undergraduate nursing program in the country, the placed No. 254 among the 533 best undergraduate business programs, and the ranked No. 297 out of the best 682 undergraduate psychology programs.

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ West Oʻahu ranked No. 3 for best public colleges in the West, No. 3 for best colleges for veterans among regional colleges in the West, No. 8 overall among regional colleges in the West (two spots higher than last year and five spots higher than the year prior) and No. 8 for social mobility for regional colleges in the West (five spots higher than last year and 13 spots higher than the year prior).

Ranking categories

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Mānoa and ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Hilo were ranked in the national universities category, which featured institutions that offer a full range of undergraduate majors, master’s and doctoral programs, and emphasize faculty research or award professional practice doctorates.

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ West Oʻahu is in the regional colleges in the West category, which includes schools that focus on undergraduate education and grant fewer than 50% of their degrees in liberal arts disciplines.

The placed in the top 2.6% out of more than 20,000 worldwide universities, according to the , released on June 2. The flagship campus of the ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ System placed No. 140 among the top universities in the U.S., and No. 553 out of 21,462 ranked worldwide universities.

“Being recognized among the top universities in the world reflects the dedication of our faculty, students and staff,” ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ Provost Michael Bruno said. “Our commitment to advancing knowledge and serving our community continues to resonate far beyond our islands.”

Four key objective pillars were analyzed for the rankings—education, employability, faculty and research. The center used seven objective and outcome-based indicators grouped into four areas to rank the world’s universities:

Education: Based on the academic success of a university’s alumni, measured relative to the university’s size (25%)

Employability: Based on the professional success of a university’s alumni, measured relative to the university’s size (25%)

Faculty: Measured by the number of faculty members who have received top academic distinctions (10%)

Research:

• Research output: measured by the total number of research articles (10%)
• High-quality publications: measured by the number of research articles appearing in top-tier journals (10%)
• Influence: measured by the number of research articles appearing in highly-influential journals (10%)
• Citations: measured by the number of highly-cited research articles (10%)

Surveys and university data submissions did not factor in the rankings. The center said that equal emphasis was put on student and faculty indicators, and that 74 million outcome-based data points were used. The Center for World University Rankings is a leading organization that publishes trusted global university rankings and provides strategic advice to improve education and research outcomes. For more on the methodology, .

—By Marc Arakaki

Despite national declines in college enrollment, the University of Hawaiʻi has seen steady growth in its student population, particularly among local students. This growth is guided by data-informed insights from the (IRAPO), which helps shape policies that enhance student success across the 10-campus university system.

As part of the Office of the Vice President for Academic Strategy, IRAPO ensures institutional data is accessible to leadership, faculty, students and the public, promoting transparency and strategic planning.

“As a team of twelve at IRAPO, our mission is to support the ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ community with accurate, meaningful data,” said Kara Plamann Wagoner, IRAPO director. “We are not just about numbers, we’re about connecting people to information and one another, ensuring insights lead to action.”

Data that drives change

We are not just about numbers, we’re about connecting people to information and one another, ensuring insights lead to action.
—Kara Plamann Wagoner

IRAPO serves as ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½â€™s central hub for historical and real-time student data, covering key areas such as:

• Enrollment trends
• Student success metrics (graduation, retention, degrees awarded)
• Course registration and transfer rates
• Financial aid distribution

By collecting, analyzing, and reporting this data, IRAPO informs university policies, academic programs and student support initiatives.

Supporting students and faculty

IRAPO‘s work has influenced major university initiatives, such as (PDF) an evidence-based campaign launched under former IRAPO leadership that encouraged students to take 15 credits per semester to graduate on time, while lowering education costs and accelerating workforce entry. “15 to Finish” has gained momentum and institutionalization at colleges and universities nationwide over the last decade.

“We often hear assumptions about enrollment or student success,” Plamann Wagoner said. “Our role is to provide clear, reliable data in context that tests those assumptions, leading to more informed decisions that truly support students across all ten campuses.”

Beyond academics, IRAPO plays a key role in university strategic planning, contributing to systemwide initiatives and developing metrics to track progress toward institutional goals and continuous improvement. In addition to long-term planning, IRAPO has also supported responsive decision-making in times of crisis. During the pandemic, its research guided ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½â€™s emergency financial aid initiatives and student support services, helping to address urgent student needs.

Enhancing access to data

IRAPO is also instrumental in federal compliance, ensuring ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ meets reporting requirements for the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), which impacts funding and accreditation.

To make data more accessible, IRAPO is in the process of revamping its to enhance usability. By the end of 2025, students, employees and the public will be able to browse interactive dashboards and streamlined reports for timely and accurate answers. The office remains committed to innovation and connection, leveraging new technology while building community to meet the university’s evolving needs.

The new website is seeking input. Share your ideas by emailing irapo@hawaii.edu.

The has secured its position among the global elite in higher education. The 2025 , released on October 9, places the institution in the top 2% worldwide for academic quality, research output and more.

This recognition positions ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½â€™s flagship campus as the No. 63 ranked university in the United States. Globally, the university stands in the No. 251–300 tier, an exceptional achievement considering there are (top 500 qualifies as the world’s top 2%).

“Being recognized among the top 2% of universities globally is a testament to the exceptional work of our faculty, staff and students who continually push the boundaries of knowledge and innovation,” ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ Provost Michael Bruno said. “This ranking not only validates our commitment to academic excellence and groundbreaking research, but also highlights ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹’s unique position as a world-class institution that honors and leverages our Pacific location and values.”

Times Higher Education, which issues these rankings annually, is one of the leading national and international university rankings organizations. For these rankings, Times Higher Education first determined the top 174 U.S. universities and top 2,092 universities worldwide.

Rankings criteria

Times Higher Education evaluated 18 indicators in its rankings.

• Teaching (the learning environment): 29.5% (teaching reputation: 15%, staff-to-student ratio: 4.5%, doctorate-to-bachelor’s ratio: 2%, doctorates-awarded-to-academic-staff ratio: 5.5% and institutional income: 2.5%)
• Research environment: 29% (research reputation: 18%, research income: 5.5% and research productivity: 5.5%)
• Research quality: 30% (citation impact: 15%, research strength: 5%, research excellence: 5% and research influence: 5%)
• International outlook: 7.5% (proportion of international students: 2.5%, proportion of international staff: 2.5% and international collaboration: 2.5%)
• Industry: 4% (industry income: 2% and patents: 2%)

Other rankings

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ also received these notable rankings:

• ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ 4-year universities high on U.S. News and World Report rankings, September 24, 2024
• Wall Street Journal: ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ is one of the nation’s best colleges, September 10, 2024
• Student survey results place ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ on elite college list, August 27, 2024

For more information on rankings, see the .

—By Marc Arakaki

The University of Hawaiʻi’s three 4-year universities earned high marks in the rankings released on September 24, including three top 5 rankings for , a top 10 national ranking for and , and a top 20 national ranking for the ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ Shidler College of Business’ international business program.

All of ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹, ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Hilo and ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ West Oʻahu ranked among the top 1,500 4-year institutions by U.S. News and World Report out of based on up to 17 measures (depending on ranking category) of academic quality, including graduation and retention rates, peer assessments, financial resources and student excellence.

“These rankings underscore our success in continuing to elevate our program quality and outcomes as we improve financial sustainability while containing costs and improving value to our students,” said ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ President David Lassner. “As the state’s sole provider of public higher education, we take great pride in our mission to serve communities across the islands as we prepare the next generation of Hawaiʻi’s leaders through our commitment to continuous improvement in student access and success for all.”

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ tied for No. 7 among , a ranking that identifies colleges where students are most likely to encounter undergraduates from racial or ethnic groups different from their own. ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹â€™s diversity index score was 0.75. The ethnic categories used in the calculations are non-Hispanic African American, Hispanic, American Indian, Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian, Asian, non-Hispanic white and multiracial (two or more races).

The flagship campus of the ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ System also ranked No. 92 as a top U.S. public university; No. 171 overall in the country; No. 187 as a best value school; No. 218 in social mobility, which measures how well schools graduated students who were federal Pell Grant recipients; and No. 120 for best colleges for veterans.

The came in at No. 20 for international business programs and No. 127 among the best undergraduate business programs out of 532 ranked undergraduate business programs.

The is the No. 96 best undergraduate nursing program among 686 ranked undergraduate nursing programs.

The placed No. 139 among the best undergraduate engineering programs that offer doctoral degrees in the U.S., and the ranked as the No. 145 best undergraduate computer science program out of 584 ranked programs.

The ranked No. 161 for best undergraduate economics programs in the nation, and the placed No. 229 out of the nation’s top 681 undergraduate psychology programs. Both departments are housed in the .

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Hilo

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Hilo stands out in several key areas. It ranks among the in the country, earning a diversity index score of 0.76, just behind top schools like Stanford and Johns Hopkins (0.77).

In addition, ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Hilo ranked No. 111 for social mobility out of the top 433 national universities, a classification based on offering a wide range of undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs, emphasizing research, as explained in the rankings categories below. ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Hilo also placed No. 188 as a top U.S. public university and No. 352 overall among national universities.

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ±á¾±±ô´Ç’s is the No. 182 best undergraduate nursing program in the country, the placed No. 281 among the 532 best undergraduate business programs, and the ranked No. 293 of the best 681 undergraduate psychology programs.

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ West Oʻahu

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ West Oʻahu placed No. 2 among , ranked No. 3 for best public colleges in the West, No. 4 for best colleges for veterans among regional colleges in the West, No. 6 for , No. 10 overall among regional colleges in the West (five spots higher than last year) and No. 13 for social mobility for regional colleges in the West (13 spots higher than last year).

Ranking categories

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ and ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ Hilo were included in the national universities category, which featured institutions that offer a full range of undergraduate majors, master’s and doctoral programs, and emphasize faculty research or award professional practice doctorates. ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ West Oʻahu is in the regional colleges in the West category, which includes schools that focus on undergraduate education and grant fewer than 50% of their degrees in liberal arts disciplines.

—By Marc Arakaki

The is one of the best in the country, according to the Wall Street Journal (WSJ). ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ was one of 500 universities that made the released in September 2024. The schools were selected out of more than 2,600 4-year colleges.

The flagship of the 10-campus ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ System came in No. 302 overall and No. 127 for public universities. The WSJ ranking methodology does not account for research activity, an area in which ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ excels that increasingly provides unique opportunities for ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ undergraduate students.

“There are any number of higher education rankings out there, and they use different methodologies to produce different numbers,” said ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ President David Lassner. “But ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ is consistently well-ranked every year, providing external validation of what we know—that ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ is one of the best universities in the world.”

WSJ ranking methodology

The WSJ rankings were developed in collaboration with and and are based on:

• Student outcomes (salary impact, years to pay off net price, graduation rate impact)
• Student and alumni survey (learning opportunities, preparation for career, learning facilities, recommendation score and character score)
• Diversity (opportunities to interact with students from different backgrounds, ethnic diversity, inclusion of students with lower family earnings)

More than 54,000 students and alumni were surveyed online for the ranking between January and May 2024.

Research that matters

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ brought in a record $464.9 million in extramural funding in fiscal year 2024 and was No. 91 out of the top 633 research institutions in the U.S., according to released in February 2024.

“It is important to note that the Wall Street Journal ranking does not account for the fact that we are one of the top research universities in the world and the impact that it has on so many of our students,” said Lassner.

The coordinates and promotes opportunities for undergraduate students across all disciplines to engage in mentored research and creative work.

Other 2024 rankings

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ is among the world’s best for academic, faculty, research and sustainability excellence, according to the by global higher educational analyst Quacquarelli Symonds released June 4. It came in No. 73 among U.S. institutions () and No. 488 in the world ().

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ also earned a spot on announced on August 27. The ranking is based on surveys completed by 168,000 students nationwide that covered academics, amenities, campus services, extracurriculars and more.

The has earned a spot on , adding to its reputation as one of the nation’s top institutions of higher education. The list was announced on August 27.

The ranking is based on surveys completed by 168,000 students nationwide. The criteria include categories covering academics, amenities, campus services, extracurriculars and more. The schools included in “Best 390 Colleges for 2025” are not ranked from No. 1–No. 389, and feature the

In addition, The Princeton Review placed ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ as one of the top 79 colleges in the west, and one of the top 522 “green” colleges, which recognizes the most environmentally responsible schools.

“We are honored to be recognized among the nation’s best colleges, a testament to the dedication of our faculty, staff and students,” ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ Provost Michael Bruno said. “These rankings reflect our commitment to providing a world-class education while fostering a vibrant, inclusive campus community that prepares students for success in an ever-changing world.”

“The colleges we profile in our book are truly a select group: they constitute about 15% of America’s four-year institutions. We chose them primarily based on our high opinion of their academic offerings,” said Rob Franek, editor-in-chief of The Princeton Review and author of The Best 390 Colleges. “The colleges that make our book’s ranking lists do so entirely as a result of the opinions of their customers—students attending the colleges—who complete our 89-question survey about their school.”

Student comments reported by The Princeton Review

• “When someone goes to ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹, they aren’t expecting to receive an education grounded in a Native Hawaiian place of learning but that is exactly what they get. Whether they are learning the Hawaiian language, Hawaiian culture, or about the Hawaiian ecosystem, there is a lot for everyone that goes along with their major. ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ really incorporates how important Hawaiʻi really is.”
• Teachers are “always willing to go the extra mile to help students by offering office hours” and many professors challenge students while simultaneously “letting us know what content will be useful in our future careers and/or graduate level exams.”
• The student body is a “huge melting pot” that is just “filled with aloha.” An “incredible amount of culture is exhibited here.”

Other rankings

ÌÇÐÄVlog¹Ù·½ ²ÑÄå²Ô´Ç²¹ also received these notable rankings:

• 2025 QS World University Rankings, June 5, 2024
• Global 2000 list by the Center for World University Rankings, May 13, 2024
• 2024 U.S. News and World Report’s Best Graduate Schools rankings, April 9, 2024

For more information on rankings, see the .

—By Marc Arakaki