Some of �Ჹ�ɲ���ʻ��’s endangered false killer whales are rapidly losing weight, a warning sign that warming oceans and limited prey may be pushing one of the nation’s smallest whale populations closer to extinction, according to research by a team including scientists from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

The findings provide the first quantitative evidence that nutritional stress and competition with fisheries may be accelerating the decline of this iconic population, which now numbers fewer than 140 individuals.

The research—a partnership between the (PWF), (MMRP) at ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa and —utilized high-resolution drone photogrammetry to track 68 whales (roughly half the remaining population) between 2019 and 2025.

Rapid declines and climate links

The study documented extreme physiological shifts, including one individual that lost an estimated 28% of its body mass—approximately 500 pounds—over a 10-week period. Researchers also found that the population’s overall Body Condition Index hit a record low in 2020. This decline coincided with a severe marine heatwave and the largest single-year population drop in recent history, suggesting that rising ocean temperatures could be impacting the whales’ ability to maintain necessary energy reserves.

“This study is a critical step in understanding whether prey limitation is driving the extinction risk for these whales,” explains Jens Currie, Chief Scientist at PWF, PhD candidate in the , and lead author of the study. “Our findings suggest that many individuals are living on a thin metabolic margin. We are now examining how competition with fisheries for high-energy prey like ‘ahi (yellowfin tuna) and mahimahi may be forcing these whales into a state of chronic nutritional stress.”

Mapping health across the archipelago

The research highlights that health is not distributed equally across the population. Whales in “Cluster 1,” known for traveling broad distances across the islands, showed significant variability in their physical condition. This suggests that the high energetic cost of moving long distances to find prey may be taking a heavier physical toll on certain social groups than others.

To ensure the highest level of accuracy, the research team validated their drone measurements against 3D scans of whales in human care at the Okinawa Churashima Foundation in Japan. This calibration provided the foundational data needed to convert aerial images into precise weight and volume estimates, confirming that the study’s measurements are accurate to within 3%.

“This level of precision allows us to pinpoint exactly when and where these whales are struggling, which is key for directing conservation efforts,” said Lars Bejder, MMRP director, title=”Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology”>HIMB professor, and co-author of the study.

The whales found in Hawaiʻi are a distinct, island-resident population adapted to the region’s coastal ecosystems and dependent on these waters for survival. They represent one of the smallest and most endangered whale populations in the United States, where the loss of even a few animals can have consequences for the entire population.

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U.S. Department of Education Under Secretary Nicholas Kent visited the University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz� on May 27, meeting with ����Vlog�ٷ� President Wendy Hensel and ����Vlog�ٷ� leaders to learn more about the university’s student success initiatives, workforce development efforts and research enterprise.

The visit also included tours of two of ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz�’s world-class research facilities: the (HSFL) and the (HIMB).

Kent was joined by Deputy Under Secretary James Bergeron, Special Assistant Cristian Clementi, Press Secretary for Higher Education Ellen Keast and Special Advisor Ethan Good.

Hensel welcomed the delegation with Debora Halbert, ����Vlog�ٷ� vice president for academic strategy; Chad Walton, ����Vlog�ٷ� interim vice president for research and innovation; Vassilis Syrmos, ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz� interim provost; and Rob Wright, ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz� interim vice provost for research and scholarship.

“We are trying together to make it the best environment possible for student achievement, and wherever we can partner to make that happen, we are happy to do so,” said Hensel. “Higher education, K–12, it all works together as an ecosystem, and when we collaborate and strengthen those connections, we succeed for our students. When it becomes fragmented, we lose the ability to reach their full potential.”

Showcasing innovation and student success

During the visit, university leaders provided an overview of the ����Vlog�ٷ� system, including student success efforts, workforce development initiatives, affordability, financial aid, enrollment trends and the university’s role as Hawaiʻi’s sole public provider of higher education. The discussion also highlighted ����Vlog�ٷ�’s research enterprise, which secured a record $734 million in extramural awards in fiscal year 2025, including more than $60 million from the U.S. Department of Education across 115 projects.

“We’re very excited to be here talking with President Hensel and her leadership team about the opportunities for higher education in Hawaiʻi and how they are so distinct from those on the mainland,” said Kent. “We still see some of the same challenges here in Hawaiʻi with the affordability of higher education, but the president and her leadership team are focused on how to get costs down, how to ensure outcomes translate into earnings and workforce pathways, and how to work with local communities and employers to make sure students are getting good-paying jobs.”

The delegation toured the HSFL clean room at ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz�, where university researchers design and build SmallSats for science and educational missions. The tour was led by Wright and Lance Yoneshige, integration and launch specialist engineer. The clean room is primarily used for the integration, assembly and testing of satellites.

Federal officials also traveled to the HIMB on Moku o Loʻe (Coconut Island) in Kāneʻohe Bay for a tour led by HIMB Director Megan Donahue. An organized research unit of ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz�, HIMB is internationally recognized for research on coral reefs, marine ecosystems, climate resilience and ocean health.

The University of Hawaiʻi has been designated as a new Pacific Reef Research Coordination Institute (Pacific RRCI) by the (NOAA) to support coral reef conservation in the Pacific through research, collaboration and public education.

The Pacific RRCI will be housed in ����Vlog�ٷ�’s , under the aegis of the , and will perform the following critical functions: conduct federally directed research to fill national and regional gaps; collaborate with relevant states and territories, Indigenous groups, coral reef managers, non-governmental organizations, and other coral reef research centers; assist in the implementation of the NOAA’s National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy and coral reef action plans; build non-federal capacity for management and restoration practices; and conduct public education and awareness programs.

“This new institute combines ����Vlog�ٷ�’s strengths in cutting-edge, ocean-related research and our collaborative, place-based approach to working with resource managers throughout Hawaiʻi and the Pacific to protect our vital coral reefs,” said Chad B. Walton, ����Vlog�ٷ� interim vice president for research and innovation. “At the same time, it provides us with further opportunities to develop our region’s next generation of researchers and managers in the field of conservation futures.”

To restore and preserve coral reef ecosystems in the U.S. from natural and human-related effects, the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 was reauthorized and modernized by the Restoring Resilient Reefs Act of 2021, which was included in the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act that became law in 2022. The reauthorized law required the designation of two RRCIs, one each in the Atlantic and Pacific basins, was required. The RRCIs were chosen from 32 preselected coral reef research centers and were designated based on the results of technical merit and panel reviews. The Restoring Resilient Reefs Act of 2021 was introduced and sponsored by Hawaiʻi Senators Brian Schatz and Mazie K. Hirono, and Congressman Ed Case.

The ����Vlog�ٷ�-led institute will be guided by experienced reef researchers from ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa’s Kewalo Marine Laboratory and the Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, ����Vlog�ٷ� Hilo’s Marine Sciences program, and the University of Guam’s Marine Laboratory. It will support research, monitoring, capacity building and outreach for coral reef management throughout the U.S states and territories of American Samoa, Guam, Hawaiʻi, and the Northern Marianas Islands and with the Freely Associated States of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau and the Republic of the Marshall Islands.

“Many people worked many years to make this vision for collaborative reef research across the Pacific a reality,” said Suzanne Case, director of the Office of Land and Ocean Conservation Futures. “We’re excited to jump in with scientists and communities and agencies across the region to take it forward.”

The , a beacon of marine education and conservation for over a century, is marking its 122nd anniversary in March. Under the new leadership of Interim Director Judy Lemus, the institution is embarking on a period of revitalization, with innovative exhibits, strategic collaborations, and a continued commitment to the unique aquatic ecosystems of Hawaiʻi and the tropical Pacific.

The aquarium will host a 122nd birthday celebration on March 19, from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. The day kicks off with a community coastal cleanup followed by a suite of family-friendly activities.

A new chapter

Lemus brings a wealth of experience in marine facility management, research, and education. Lemus served for four years as the interim director of the (HIMB) within the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (SOEST) and is currently the interim associate dean for academic affairs in SOEST. Her primary focus at the aquarium is on operational improvements and enhancing the institutionʻs role in education, marine conservation, collaborative research, and community engagement.

“Managing the Waikīkī Aquarium is about more than just animal husbandry; it’s also about our engagement with the public and contribution to conservation of Pacific species, and our role as a public outlet for ����Vlog�ٷ� research,” said Lemus. “As we celebrate 122 years, we are not just honoring our history, but building the systems, facilities, and stories that will carry us through the next century.”

One major accomplishment under her leadership has been the successful return of Hōʻailona, the beloved Hawaiian monk seal, to his refurbished enclosure.

New and upcoming exhibits:

• The Aquaculture Tank: In partnership with Biota, a local aquaculture company, this exhibit will feature fish and coral raised entirely in aquaculture facilities at the Oceanic Institute and Waikīkī Aquarium. This “no-collection” model highlights sustainable trade and will also showcase 3-D structures from HIMB researcher Josh Madin’s Lab that facilitate coral growth.
• The Edge of Reef Redesign: Formerly an iconic outdoor exhibit, the Edge of Reef was dismantled to make way for a critical infrastructure project. A redesign is planned for this exhibit with support from ����Vlog�ٷ�, the ����Vlog�ٷ� Foundation, and the Friends of the Waikīkī Aquarium.
• New Tank for Mullet and More: The large tank that previously featured mullet, a species revered in Hawaiʻi as a staple food and in loko ʻia (Hawaiian fishpond) aquaculture, is being dismantled to make way for a modern habitat. The new enclosure may house mullet and possibly other compatible species such as rays or sea turtles.
• The aquarium is planning new collaborations with a variety of ����Vlog�ٷ� faculty and labs to help bring their work to broader audiences.
• AZA Accreditation: The aquarium is starting a Pathway Toward Membership program with the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, the gold standard in accreditation for zoos and aquariums, with the goal of achieving AZA accreditation for Waikīkī Aquarium in about 5 years.

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This week’s ����Vlog�ٷ� News Image of the Week is from the ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz� Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB).

From Maria Frostic, HIMB communications coordinator: The HIMB Shark Lab recently celebrated a historic ‘Personal Best’ with the capture and tagging of a 470 cm (15’ 5”) female tiger shark—the longest in the lab’s 30-year history.

Initially tagged on October 7, 2025, near Kapapa Island by a team including Edward Cardona, Molly Deppmeier, Michaela Johnson, and David Itano, the shark was remarkably recaptured seven weeks later within Kāneʻohe Bay. This second interaction enabled visiting researcher Takuya Fukuoka to deploy a short-term biologging tag that was successfully recovered at Penguin Bank. Data from her satellite transmitter now shows the shark frequently traveling between the bay and the bank, providing researchers with invaluable oceanographic insights.

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Following a competitive proposal process initiated in October 2025, the (Hawaiʻi Sea Grant) announced five organizations to establish the first–of–its–kind Community Funding Hubs for Resilience and ʻĀina Stewardship. The five regional hubs are across the moku/hui moku (districts) of West Kauaʻi, Waiʻanae (Oʻahu), Molokaʻi, Central Maui and Kohala (Hawaiʻi Island).

Each hub will receive up to $300,000 over three years to strengthen its administrative, financial and relationship–building capacities needed to support future community–led projects. Aligned with the cooperative vision of the project, these hubs will serve as central resources for managing and distributing funding on behalf of community–based organizations, effectively lowering the barriers to local stewardship.

“In Hawaiʻi, we know the health of our families and our communities is inextricably tied to the health of our lands and our waters, and we benefit from ʻIke Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Knowledge) that teaches us how humans and nature can thrive together in our island systems,” said Kawika Winter, associate professor at and director of the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve. “The Moku System provides us a framework to not only address the problems we face today, but to do so while honoring our ancestors and ensuring that our descendants will be better off than we are today.”

The 5 organizations and their projects

• Kauaʻi Economic Development Board—Strengthening West Kauaʻi: A Funding Hub for Community–Led ʻĀina Restoration & Climate Resilience
• ‘Elepaio Social Services—The Waiʻanae Kaiāulu Funding Hub
• Molokai Heritage Trust—Ka Lāhui Hoʻolako
• Living Pono Project—Central Maui Resilience Funding Hub: Expanding Access, Equity, and Administrative Support
• Vibrant Hawaiʻi—Kākoʻo Kohala

Empowering community-led stewardship

The hubs act as trusted intermediaries, forging direct partnerships between funders and local communities. By providing guidance with proposal development and budget management, these hubs help local organizations overcome technical barriers that often prevent small, grassroots groups from accessing vital funding for ʻāina (land) stewardship.

“These hubs are critical for a number of reasons,” said Eric Co, chief executive officer of the Harold K.L. Castle Foundation. “During COVID, we learned how difficult it was to get support to where trust was greatest and activities were most meaningful—at the grassroots level. These hubs build the equitable capacity needed to do so efficiently across the islands.”

Later this year, Hawaiʻi Sea Grant will launch a separate round of adaptation and resilience project funding. These future opportunities will allow smaller community–based organizations to collaborate with their local Community Funding Hub to develop and manage projects.

This effort was made possible through funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office for Coastal Management awarded in 2024.

A PhD candidate at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa was selected as one of five 2025 NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)–Sea Grant Joint Fellows across the U.S. Leon Tran is representing the and joins four other fellows who are pursuing doctoral degrees at universities in other states.

The research projects span topics related to modeling and managing systems of living marine resources and fisheries, as well as the economics of their conservation and management.

“I’m honored to be selected for such an exciting opportunity and to contribute to the program’s legacy of conserving our oceans,” said Tran. “Through the fellowship, I’ll be able to move my experimental work in the lab into the conservation sphere, and help me advance my career as a marine conservation biologist and ocean steward.”

Under the guidance of Hawaiʻi–based fisheries researchers Jacob Johansen, Erik Franklin, Tye Kindinger and Lisa McManus, Tran is developing a tool to forecast how future changes impact habitat suitability for important subsistence fisheries. By integrating laboratory studies on the metabolism of the convict tang (manini) and day octopus (heʻe mauli) with computer–based habitat models, he is exploring where these species can thrive across the Pacific. As coral reefs change under local and global pressures, this work helps reveal how animal physiology shapes where it can live, providing essential insight into how coral reef ecosystems can shift in the future.

Former NMFS–Sea Grant Joint Fellows have gone on to serve in key roles within NOAA Fisheries, other agencies, academic institutions and fishery management councils, making substantial contributions to the management and conservation of marine ecosystems.

Since 1999, this fellowship program has supported more than 134 population dynamics fellows and 42 marine resource economics fellows.

–By Cindy Knapman

From the coral reefs of the tropics to the oyster reefs of temperate estuaries, nature’s most diverse ecosystems are built by “master architects.” A study revealed that the complex shapes of these reefs are not random—they follow precise geometric rules that maximize survival.

The collaborative research of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (HIMB) and Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, offers a proven guide for reviving damaged marine habitats and protecting the vital seafood sources that communities depend on.

“This work shows that there are universal architectural rules for reef persistence,” said Joshua Madin, a senior author of the study, HIMB research professor, and a principal investigator of the HIMB Conservation Innovation Group. “Nature has already solved the design problem. Our job is to read that blueprint and scale it up to help reefs grow faster and survive longer.”

Geometry of survival

Using high-resolution 3D mapping and field experiments in Australia, the team engineered concrete structures spanning a wide range of surface complexities. They discovered that while simple structures left juvenile oysters exposed to predators, and overly complex structures offered diminishing returns, survival peaked at a specific, optimal combination of height and fractal dimension—exactly the geometry found in thriving natural reefs.

“Reefs are not just piles of skeletons or shells,” said Juan Esquivel-Muelbert, the study’s lead author from Macquarie University. “They are finely tuned three-dimensional machines. Their shape controls who lives, who dies, and how fast the reef grows.”

While the fieldwork focused on oysters, the theoretical principles were developed at HIMB and apply directly to coral reefs.

R3D project

The study provides the biological validation for cutting-edge restoration work currently underway in Hawaiʻi. The geometric principles utilized in this paper are a driving force behind the ����Vlog�ٷ� project Rapid Resilient Reefs for Coastal Defense (R3D), a project funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency that is deploying immense, geometric reef modules off the coast of Oʻahu.

By mimicking the “optimal geometry” of coral reef, using the same principles identified in the study, these artificial structures are designed to do more than just break waves—they are engineered to attract coral larvae, protect them from predators and grow into a thriving coral reef.

“We are applying these exact principles to coral restoration here in Hawaiʻi,” said Madin. “Recent work at HIMB testing these 3D-printed designs showed we could increase the settlement and survival of corals by 80-fold compared to natural reef surfaces. By building with the right geometry, we can jump-start the feedback loops that allow reefs to build themselves.”

A group of colorful hexacorals (aquatic organisms in the group of stony corals and anemones), known as “zoantharians” is defying the traditional laws of evolution by remaining virtually identical across the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceans, according to a led by researchers at the University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz�.

The study, led by Maria “Duda” Santos of ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz�’s (HIMB) ToBo Lab and the University of the Ryukyus, began with a moment of “déjà vu” underwater.

“During my first dive in Okinawa, I was surrounded by a multitude of species I had never seen in my homeland of Brazil,” said Santos. “But then I saw the zoantharians. They looked exactly like the ones back home—the same colors, shapes and sizes. It was striking.”

While the Indo-Pacific typically hosts 10 times the species diversity of the Atlantic for most reef animals, this research found that the genetic and morphological divergence between oceans for these creatures is surprisingly narrow.

By combining DNA data and records from Mexico to the Philippines, the team has provided the first-ever global “atlas” for a group of animals that has remained in the shadows for decades. This map of the past and present provides a vital baseline for monitoring how marine life will navigate climate change.

Secrets of the ultimate travelers

The researchers suggest that zoantharians may be the ultimate oceanic travelers. Their secret likely lies in high dispersal via an “epic” larval phase, where young zoantharians can survive in open water for more than 100 days, paired with an ability to “raft” across ocean basins by hitchhiking on floating objects. In addition, an unusually slow evolutionary rate appears to keep distant populations looking and acting like siblings, even after long time of separation.

As climate change stresses traditional stony corals, zoantharians are increasingly moving in to fill the void.

“In some habitats impacted by stress, some zoantharian species can outcompete stony corals,” said Santos. “We are seeing ‘phase shifts’ where reefs once dominated by corals are being taken over by zoantharians. Understanding how they spread helps us forecast what the reefs of the future will look like.”

This study represents an international effort, uniting a team from Hawaiʻi, Okinawa, Russia, Brazil, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Indonesia.

New University of Hawaiʻi research confirms that “Sharktober” is real, revealing a statistically significant spike in shark bite incidents in Hawaiian waters every October. The study, which analyzed 30 years of data (1995–2024), found that about 20% of all recorded bites occurred in that single month, a frequency far exceeding any other time of the year. Researchers at ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz�’s (HIMB) Shark Lab .

The research, led by HIMB Professor Carl G. Meyer, determined that this pronounced pattern, informally known as “Sharktober,” is primarily driven by the seasonal movements and biological needs of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier), which account for at least 63% of the incidents during this month.

“The October spike is real and statistically significant, but the overall risk remains very low,” said Meyer. “This pattern appears to be driven by tiger shark biology, not by more people being in the water.”

Extra caution advised

The study uses Hawaiʻi-specific data to provide science-based information that allows residents and visitors to make informed decisions about ocean use during this time of year, supporting awareness and coexistence without sensationalism.

“Understanding when risk is slightly elevated helps people make informed choices, not fearful ones,” said Meyer.

Ocean users are advised to be aware that tiger sharks are more likely to be present in the nearshore waters of the main Hawaiian Islands during October, and extra caution is advised during this month, particularly for high-risk, solo activities such as surfing or swimming in coastal areas.

Postpartum tiger sharks

The findings suggest a strong link between the October spike and the tiger shark’s reproductive cycle, specifically parturition (giving birth), which occurs during the months of September and October. The evidence indicates two primary mechanisms acting together.

First, there is a temporary increase in the abundance of large adult females in nearshore habitats, including a partial migration of mature females from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands to the main Hawaiian Islands.

Second, giving birth to a large litter is energetically taxing, likely leaving postpartum females in a state of poor nutritional condition and increasing their motivation to forage actively to recover energy reserves.

This conclusion is supported by multiple independent lines of evidence, including the peak in tiger shark sightings at ecotourism sites that aligns precisely with the pupping season.

Future research will focus on directly studying adult female tiger sharks during the pupping season, including tracking their movements and using non-invasive tools to assess their reproductive status and body condition. The work was conducted as part of the HIMB Shark Lab program at ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz�, utilizing publicly available shark incident data compiled by the Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources.

A team of shark researchers from the University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz� has solved a long-standing mystery, identifying the first-ever documented mating hub for tiger sharks. , led by the (HIMB) Shark Lab, utilized six years of acoustic tracking data to pinpoint Olowalu, Maui and the nature of tiger shark mating.

This challenges the conventional understanding of tiger sharks as purely solitary animals, revealing a predictable seasonal convergence of mature males and females that coincides with the humpback whale calving season in Hawaiʻi.

Solving the mating mystery

For years, it was unclear how tiger sharks, which are typically solitary wanderers, came together to reproduce, or if mating was simply a result of random encounters.

“Tiger sharks typically roam widely in what can seem like random patterns, so finding such a strong and consistent seasonal trend in their movements around Maui was unexpected,” said Paige Wernli, lead author of the study and a graduate student in the HIMB Shark Lab.

The long-term tracking data revealed a strong, predictable seasonal presence and high overlap of both mature male and female sharks at Olowalu, with both sexes exhibiting physical signs of mating activity.

“To our knowledge, no group mating site for tiger sharks has ever been identified. This paper adds an important piece to the puzzle of tiger shark reproduction,” said Carl Meyer, co-author of the paper and principal investigator of the HIMB Shark Lab.

Dual motivations

The timing of the sharks’ convergence also aligns with the arrival of humpback whale mothers and newborn calves in the area. This unique ecological overlap indicates that the sharks may be positioning themselves to take advantage of foraging opportunities, such as vulnerable calves or placental falls.

“Mating and foraging on humpback whales may not be mutually exclusive,” said Wernli, “and both could influence tiger shark movement patterns in Hawaiʻi.”

The researchers noted that these gatherings are not dense but rather diffuse, spanning multiple months and several kilometers.

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Challenging a 50-year-old narrative about Hawaiʻi’s native birds, a new study from the University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz� found no scientific evidence that Indigenous People hunted waterbird species to extinction. , the research debunks this long-held myth and offers a new, integrated theory to explain the disappearances.

Researchers found no evidence that Indigenous People over-hunted birds to extinction. Instead, the authors suggest a new theory: the birds died out because of a combination of climate change, invasive species and changes in how the land was used—most of which happened either prior to Polynesian arrival, or after the suppression of Indigenous stewardship. The study also noted that now-endangered waterbirds were probably most abundant just before Europeans arrived, when wetland management was a core aspect of Kānaka ʻŌ���ɾ� (Native Hawaiian) society.

Refuting conservation theories

“So much of science is biased by the notion that humans are inevitable agents of ecocide, and we destroy nature wherever we go. This idea has shaped the dominant narrative in conservation, which automatically places the blame for extinctions on the first people—the Indigenous People—of a place. Even where there is zero scientific evidence to support it, the myth of Hawaiians hunting birds to extinctions took root in Hawaiʻi and for decades has been taught as if it was a scientific fact,” said Kawika Winter, associate professor at (HIMB) and co-author of the paper. “Our study not only dispels this myth, but also contributes to a growing body of evidence that Indigenous stewardship represents the best ways for native birds to thrive in a world where humans are not going away.”

This study re-examines existing evidence without the bias that the discipline has increasingly been criticized for—the idea that people are separate from and inherently bad for nature. The research provides a more nuanced understanding of history, paving the way for an increasingly robust approach to conservation research.

“Science has matured to a point where graduate students are being trained to challenge its own long-standing world view,” said Kristen Harmon, lead author on the paper who recently earned a PhD from the (CTAHR) Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management. “Our interpretation of historical ecology, how ecological systems change over time, influences our approaches to solving global-scale ecological problems. Bringing together information from different disciplines and knowledge systems can yield a more accurate picture of reality, which is ultimately the goal of every scientist.”

Empowering Indigenous stewardship

The study’s conclusions are expected to help transform conservation actions in Hawaiʻi, particularly for the recovery of endangered waterbird populations, such as ʻalae ʻula (Gallinula chloropus) and ʻaeʻo (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni).

“Recent studies support what Hawaiians have always known—that restoration of loʻi (wetland agro-ecosystems) is critically important to bring these waterbirds into abundance again,” said Melissa Price, an associate professor who runs the Wildlife Ecology Lab at CTAHR. “If we wish to transform our islands from the ‘Extinction Capital of the World’ into the ‘Recovery Capital of the World’ we need to restore relationships between nature and communities.”

This new understanding could help change how we protect these birds and mend long-standing disagreements in the community.

Ulalia Woodside Lee, who was not a part of this research project, offered some reflections as the Hawaiʻi and Palmyra Executive Director for The Nature Conservancy, “For generations, Native Hawaiians have been criticized for causing the extinctions of our precious native birds. This has contributed to a breakdown in trust between the Hawaiian community and conservationists, and the exclusion of Native Hawaiians from important conservation decisions. This study will help us to move past those untruths, so that we can all move together into a brighter future where our native species are thriving again.”

In a monumental achievement, members of the University of Hawaiʻi community joined forces with more than 2,000 volunteers to celebrate the historic completion of the Heʻeia Fishpond wall on December 13. The event at the Loko Iʻa o Heʻeia in Koʻolaupoko, Oʻahu, marked the culmination of a 25-year restoration of the ancient kuapā (fishpond wall).

Volunteers mobilized for “�Ѱ�ʻ����������Ā,” employing traditional methods such as halihali to pass coral and rock to complete the final 300 feet of the 7,000-foot circular wall. Paepae o Heʻeia, the nonprofit established in 2001 by Native Hawaiians to mālama (care for/steward) the fishpond, spearheaded this monumental undertaking.

“We are connecting the past to the present with a promise of 800 more years of abundance in this community, just like our kūpuna did 800 years ago,” said Executive Director Hiʻilei Kawelo, a ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz� alumna.

The wall’s completion secured the future of this vital cultural landmark and critical living laboratory. As the site of the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR), the 88-acre fishpond is intrinsically linked to ����Vlog�ٷ�‘s research community. Paepae o Heʻeia, which manages the site in partnership with Kamehameha Schools, uses the fishpond as a place of learning, weaving ancestral knowledge with contemporary research methodologies. ����Vlog�ٷ� scientists work closely with community members to develop studies aimed at restoring the system’s ecological function and productivity.

“Faculty, staff, and students have been giving sweat to the fishpond monthly at our NERR Laulima workdays, and it showed on this day. Paepae o Heʻeia trusted these select researchers enough to stand alongside longtime ʻāina stewards and help lead the 2,000 volunteers,” said Aimee Sato, Indigenous Stewardship Coordinator with the Heʻeia NERR and the ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz� . “Once we were all in the maroon alakaʻi (group leader) shirts, we were all one, and there was no distinction between researcher or mālama ʻ�徱�Բ� steward. There is still work to do in strengthening restoration projects and relationships, but I am hopeful we see more of this across Hawaiʻi.”

Giant clam populations in American Sāmoa are far more stable and abundant than previously thought thanks to the help of local villages, according to a led by researchers at University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz� (HIMB) ToBo Lab. The research found that marine areas managed by local villages consistently supported higher clam densities and larger clam sizes compared to federally designated no-take reserves.

“Many expected that giant clam populations would be in sharp decline, especially near populated islands,” said Paolo Marra-Biggs, lead author of the study and HIMB PhD student. “Instead, we found that clam abundances have remained relatively stable over the past 30 years, and in some areas have maintained high abundances. The biggest surprise was that village-managed closures outperformed federally protected no-take areas, highlighting the efficacy of cultural stewardship.”

The findings carry implications for conservation policy, particularly concerning the current federal process to list giant clams under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The study argues that blanket federal restrictions may not be the best fit for regions where effective Indigenous management systems are already in place.

“The push for ESA listing is supposed to protect giant clams, but our data show that in areas where federal no-take protection already exists, clams populations were among the lowest,” said Robert Toonen, senior author of the study and principal investigator of the ToBo Lab. “Instead, areas under traditional Indigenous management had some of the highest densities of giant clams. If giant clams were listed as endangered species, these traditional practices that have maintained high clam densities in the region would become illegal.”

Assessing population stability

The research team conducted a territory-wide survey from 2022 to 2024, adding 264 new transects to historical surveys that were initiated in 1994. The resulting data set represents the most complete, multi-decadal compilation of giant clams for American Sāmoa, assessing population stability across six islands and various management zones.

Collaboration partners for this study include the American Sāmoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, the National Park and the National Marine Sanctuary of American Sāmoa.

Seasonal seabird nesting in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands triggers shark turf wars and habitat shifts among different shark species, according to a new study led by scientists from the University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz� (HIMB) Shark Lab. The research, , found that the annual summer arrival of fledgling seabirds at French Frigate Shoals (FFS) concentrates tiger sharks in specific areas.

“We discovered that tiger sharks gather around small islands in summer to hunt fledgling seabirds, which, in turn, forces other smaller sharks to adjust their habitat use,” said Chloé Blandino, lead author of the study and shark husbandry research specialist at HIMB Shark Lab. “It’s a clear example of how a seasonal food source can influence habitat use by an entire predator community.”

Using acoustic transmitters, the research team tagged 128 sharks and tracked their movements around FFS over two years. They compared shark habitat use during the seabird season and the off-season, observing clear behavioral shifts.

Avoiding predators, competition

The researchers found that when tiger sharks are present, the smaller gray reef sharks avoid these areas to reduce the risk of being eaten. Meanwhile, Galapagos sharks shift to different times or zones within the atoll to minimize competition. Once the seabirds disperse, the tiger sharks move on and the other shark species return to their original habitats. The study also used fish surveys to confirm that these shifts were driven by predator avoidance and competition, not by a change in the distribution of their usual fish prey.

“This study highlights the far-reaching impact of seabirds, showing they can shape the movements of top predators like tiger sharks, which then ripple through the entire food web,” said Carl Meyer, co-author on the study and principal investigator of the HIMB Shark Lab. “Understanding these predator-prey links is crucial for managing Hawaiʻi’s marine ecosystems.”

The study noted that if bird populations shift, or if critical nesting habitats are lost—as occurred when Hurricane Walaka decimated key islands in 2018—it can trigger cascading effects. This research was funded by NOAA’s National Marine Sanctuary Program and the National Marine Fisheries Service.

A groundbreaking study led by the University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz�’s (HIMB) has revealed critical new details about one of the ocean’s most abundant life forms, SAR11 marine bacteria. Understanding these microbes is vital because they are one of the main drivers of the global ocean’s life-support system—they move and recycle the carbon and nutrients that sustain all other marine life. By better understanding them, scientists can more accurately predict how the entire ocean ecosystem—and the global climate—will react to threats like pollution and ocean warming.

The research, published in , found that the SAR11 bacteria are not a single, uniform population as often thought. Instead, they are organized into stable, ecologically distinct groups, essentially specialized “teams” adapted to specific environments, such as the coast versus the open ocean. This means that one of the ocean’s most important engines is far more complex than previously known.

Using ����Ա�ʻ�dz�� Bay as a natural laboratory, the team linked newly cultivated strains to ocean samples worldwide, showing that these distinct ecological groups differ significantly in habitat preference, gene content, and evolutionary history.

“����Ա�ʻ�dz�� Bay gave us a rare window into how microbial populations can adapt across very small spatial scales,” said Kelle Freel, lead author at HIMB. “By pairing cultivation with a long-term time series, we could directly connect genomes to real ecological differences in the ocean.”

SAR11 bacteria are tiny, streamlined cells that collectively represent one of the most abundant life forms in the ocean and play a central role in marine carbon and nutrient cycling. Despite their global importance, scientists have struggled to understand how SAR11 populations differ from one another, in part because these microbes are extremely diverse and very difficult to grow in the laboratory.

����Ա�ʻ�dz�� Bay provided a uniquely powerful model system to overcome these challenges. Years of sustained sampling through the ����Ա�ʻ�dz�� Bay Time-series (KByT) allowed researchers to pair environmental measurements with newly grown SAR11 strains, creating an opportunity to connect microbial DNA with where these organisms live and how they survive.

“This work shows that SAR11 diversity is not random,” said Michael Rappé, principal investigator at HIMB. “By using ����Ա�ʻ�dz�� Bay as a model system, we could integrate genomics with ecology in a way that reveals clear evolutionary structure—structure that holds across the global ocean and provides a common framework for studying one of the planet’s most important microbial groups.”

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A multi-year scientific expedition including the University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz� and led by researchers from the University of California, Santa Barbara and collaborating institutions, were able to find critical connections between land, rainwater and lagoon waters.

The researchers determined that land use on tropical islands can shape water quality in lagoons and that rainfall can be an important mediator for connections between land and lagoon waters. These findings provide vital information for ecosystem stewards facing global reef decline. Their findings were published in .

“The links between land and sea are dynamic and complex, so it’s a topic that has remained elusive to science,” said Mary Donovan, co-author and faculty at the in the ����Vlog�ٷ� ����ԴDz� (SOEST). “It took a dream team to pierce through that complexity. We brought together a group of interdisciplinary thinkers, from students to senior investigators, across at least five major institutions to tackle this immense challenge.”

Understanding the phase shift

Scientists have long been concerned that with an increase in human-associated inputs from land to a coral reef, there is often a “phase shift”—a decline in corals accompanied by an increase in harmful algae. This ecological shift is often linked to excessive nutrients and changes in the microbial community, but the precise connection between land use and coral reef health has been poorly understood.

Through its investigation, the team found that nutrients in the lagoons off Moʻorea were highest in concentration closer to the island, lower farther offshore.

Informing stewardship efforts

“Gravity is a unifying force in ecology, and islands are always uphill from the coral reefs that surround them,” said Christian John, lead author of the study and postdoctoral scholar at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Across Pacific Island systems, the flow of nutrients from mountains to the ocean is a central focus for coastal resource management. Targeted strategies, such as reducing polluted runoff, developing buffers along rivers, or actively mitigating soil loss at development sites, can significantly dampen the adverse effects of land use on lagoon water quality.

“The ahupuaʻa, land use divisions that connect mauka to makai, are central to watershed management here in Hawaiʻi,” said Nyssa Silbiger, co-author and associate professor in the SOEST Department of Oceanography. “Understanding water quality is a fundamental challenge for everyone: it is key to assessing coral reef health and it is inseparable from human health.”

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Internationally recognized researchers currently or formerly affiliated with the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa have been honored among the world’s most influential scientists in Clarivate’s 2025 . The annual analysis identifies just 1 in 1,000 researchers globally—including Nobel laureates—whose publications have demonstrated exceptional influence across their fields.

(SOEST) Professor Fei-Fei Jin and the late Director and Researcher Ruth Gates, were recognized in the cross-field category, which highlights researchers whose influence spans multiple scientific areas. Daniel Mende, a former SOEST postdoctoral researcher, was selected to the biology and biochemistry category.

“This distinction underscores the global influence of ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa’s research enterprise,” ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa Interim Provost Vassilis Syrmos said. “Our scholars drive discoveries that resonate across disciplines and continents, and their work exemplifies the innovation and excellence that define our university.”

SOEST Professor Fei-Fei Jin

Jin’s research interests cover a wide range of topics, including the dynamics of large-scale atmosphere and ocean circulations, and climate variability. His primary research focuses are understanding the dynamics of El Niño-Southern Oscillation, climate variability in the extratropical atmospheric circulation and global warming.

The late Ruth Gates

Gates was a tireless innovator and advocate for coral reef conservation. The focus of her most recent research efforts was creating super corals, coral species occurring naturally in the ocean that could be trained to become more resilient to harsh conditions.

Former SOEST postdoctoral fellow Daniel Mende

Mende specializes in environmental microbiology, microbial ecology, metagenomics and more. He came to ����Vlog�ٷ� Mānoa in 2014 for his postdoctoral studies on microbial communities in oceans. Mende is now an assistant professor at Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam.

These scientists are identified based on their publication of highly cited papers in the Web of Science Core Collection—a widely respected global citation database. Using rigorously curated data, analysts at the Institute for Scientific Information select individuals who have demonstrated remarkable influence in their field.

This story was compiled based on primary affiliation according to the Web of Science’s Highly Cited Researchers list. If there are other researchers currently or formerly affiliated with ����Vlog�ٷ� on the list, email Marc Arakaki at marcra@hawaii.edu.

For the first time, researchers have documented a round-trip migration of a tiger shark between Hawaiʻi and Mexico. This discovery was made by the University of Hawaiʻi at ����ԴDz�’s (HIMB) Shark Lab and the (PacIOOS). The finding helps advance the understanding of the species and highlights the importance of international data-sharing initiatives.

The female tiger shark was originally tagged in ����Ա�ʻ�dz�� Bay, Oʻahu, in November 2016. Less than a year later, she was detected at the Revillagigedo Islands and Cabo Pulmo in Mexico by equipment maintained by Mauricio Hoyos and James Ketchum from the non-profit Pelagios Kakunjá in Mexico. After three years, the shark returned to Hawaiʻi, where she was consistently detected until early 2024.

“We had previously documented a shark swimming from Hawaiʻi to Mexico,” said Carl Meyer, a researcher at the HIMB Shark Lab. “However, that shark was caught by fishermen and not released, leaving uncertainty about whether these transoceanic travelers return to Hawaiʻi. This latest discovery resolves that question, providing the first direct evidence that individual tiger sharks are capable of completing round-trip migrations between Hawaiʻi and Mexico.”

Sharing data, active collaboration

This transoceanic connection was realized because both the ����Vlog�ٷ� and research teams from Mexico shared their data with the PacIOOS-led PIRAT Network and its partner organization Migramar. Identifying such long-range movements is extremely difficult without active collaboration. The PIRAT Network provides a data-sharing platform for researchers that automatically checks for cross-matches like this every four months, paving the way for future discoveries.

“Most detections of our tagged sharks occur within the Hawaiian Islands,” said Meyer. “This individual, for instance, was tagged off O‘ahu but later detected near Maui and Hawaiʻi Island, in addition to making a remarkable journey to Mexico and back.”

“Identifying long-range movements like these are often difficult, unless the researchers involved happen to collaborate directly and actively share data,” said Tom Tinhan, PIRAT Network lead. “Not only is this a valuable piece of evidence that advances our understanding of this highly migratory species, but it illustrates the importance of data sharing initiatives like these.”

While the finding confirms a round-trip migration, HIMB shark researcher Kim Holland noted that many details about the journey remain unknown. “We don’t know the route by which the shark crossed the ocean (in both directions) so it’s a little misleading, although tempting, to draw straight lines between Hawaiʻi and Mexico,” said Holland. “This event is in line with other sharks we have tracked that show offshore movements of several hundred miles before returning to Hawaiʻi.”

Traditional Hawaiian fishponds (loko iʻa) are emerging as a model for climate resilience, according to a study from the University of Hawaiʻi at at Mānoa’s (HIMB). The research, published in , revealed Indigenous aquaculture systems effectively shield fish populations from the negative impacts of climate change, demonstrating resilience and bolstering local food security.

“Our study is one of the first in academic literature to compare the temperatures between loko iʻa and the surrounding bay and how these temperature differences may be reflected in potential fish productivity,” said lead author Annie Innes-Gold, a recent PhD graduate from ����Vlog�ٷ�. “We found that although rising water temperature may lead to declines in fish populations, loko iʻa fish populations were more resilient (fish populations did not decline as much as fish populations in the surrounding estuary) to rising water temperatures than those in the surrounding estuary. This result is likely due to the temperature regulation that the loko iʻa receives from freshwater input, both at the surface and below the ground.”

The authors found that the combined benefits of fisheries regulations, nutrient flow restoration, and restocking were found to offset some of the potentially negative effects of warming on fish populations and substantially increase short– and long–term estuarine and loko iʻa fish density.

Ancient tech for modern management

Innes-Gold worked with an interdisciplinary team that included university researchers, resource managers and loko iʻa practitioners.

“These findings highlight how important freshwater inputs are as a source of temperature regulation,” said Innes-Gold. “They also support the importance of biocultural restoration in terms of enhancing fish populations and increasing social–ecological resilience in a changing climate.”

For Hawaiʻi, the findings demonstrate the value that Indigenous knowledge and systems have on guiding modern science.

“Loko iʻa are a system unique to Hawaiʻi, and their restoration can have wide–reaching benefits including cultural preservation, education, healthy ecosystems, food security, and now—from what we found in our study—also climate resilience,” said Innes-Gold.

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